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Orexin (/ ɒ ˈ r ɛ k s ɪ n /), also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. [5] It exists in the forms of orexin-A and orexin-B.The most common form of narcolepsy, type 1, in which the individual experiences brief losses of muscle tone ("drop attacks" or cataplexy), is caused by a lack of orexin in the brain due to destruction of the cells ...
Orexin, otherwise known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that acts within the brain to regulate appetite and wakefulness as well as a number of other cognitive and physiological processes. [27] [38] [39] Loss of these orexin-producing neurons causes narcolepsy and most individuals with narcolepsy have a reduced number of these neurons in their ...
An orexin receptor antagonist, ... Narcolepsy, a neurological disorder caused by orexin deficiency, is a contraindication to the use of orexin antagonists. [29]
The endogenous orexin neuropeptides, orexin A and orexin B, are involved in the regulation of sleep–wake cycles and act to promote wakefulness. [33] [16] [7] Deficiency of orexin signaling is thought to be the primary cause of the sleep disorder narcolepsy. [33] [16] Disturbances in orexin signaling may also be involved in insomnia. [33]
Cataplexy is the first symptom to appear in about 10% of cases of narcolepsy, [2] caused by an autoimmune destruction of hypothalamic neurons that produce the neuropeptide hypocretin (also called orexin), which regulates arousal and has a role in stabilization of the transition between wake and sleep states. [3]
Orexin deficiency has been identified as responsible for narcolepsy. [10] Research suggests that orexin and histamine neurons play distinct, but complementary roles in controlling wakefulness with orexin being more involved with wakeful behavior and histamine with cognition and activation of cortical EEG. [11]
That day, in August 2013, Patrick got in the car and put the duffel bag on a seat. Inside was a talisman he’d been given by the treatment facility: a hardcover fourth edition of the Alcoholics Anonymous bible known as “The Big Book.”
The lateral hypothalamus (LH), also called the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), [1] contains the primary orexinergic nucleus within the hypothalamus that widely projects throughout the nervous system; [2] this system of neurons mediates an array of cognitive and physical processes, such as promoting feeding behavior and arousal, reducing pain perception, and regulating body temperature ...