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Frogs have a highly developed nervous system that consists of a brain, spinal cord and nerves. Many parts of frog brains correspond with those of humans. It consists of two olfactory lobes, two cerebral hemispheres, a pineal body, two optic lobes, a cerebellum and a medulla oblongata.
The human brain contains 86 billion neurons, with 16 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] Neuron counts constitute an important source of insight on the topic of neuroscience and intelligence : the question of how the evolution of a set of components and parameters (~10 11 neurons, ~10 14 synapses) of a complex system leads to ...
Whereas Sperry had had to assume the anatomy from the frogs’ behaviour Gaze used electrophysiological recording to directly examine the precise anatomy – the exact pattern of functional connexions between the retina (eye) and the tectum (the visual part of the frog brain with which the retinal fibres connect). [5]
The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that most strongly distinguishes mammals. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the surface of the cerebrum is lined with a comparatively simple three-layered structure called the pallium. In mammals, the pallium evolves into a complex six-layered structure called neocortex or isocortex. [62]
In their paper "What the Frog's Eye Tells the Frog's Brain", Lettvin et al. (1959) looked beyond the mechanisms for signal-noise discrimination in the frog's retina and were able to identify four classes of ganglion cells in the frog retina: sustained contrast detectors, net convexity detectors (or bug detectors), moving edge detectors, and net ...
Frontal lobe (red) of left cerebral hemisphere. The frontal lobe is the largest lobe of the brain and makes up about a third of the surface area of each hemisphere. [3] On the lateral surface of each hemisphere, the central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.
In frogs and toads, the tympanum is a large external oval shape membrane made up of nonglandular skin. [2] It is located just behind the eye. It does not process sound waves; it simply transmits them to the inner parts of the amphibian's ear, which is protected from the entry of water and other foreign objects.
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all parts of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric and triploblastic animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and diploblasts.