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  2. k-means clustering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means_clustering

    k-means clustering is a method of vector quantization, originally from signal processing, that aims to partition n observations into k clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean (cluster centers or cluster centroid), serving as a prototype of the cluster.

  3. Determining the number of clusters in a data set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determining_the_number_of...

    In statistics and data mining, X-means clustering is a variation of k-means clustering that refines cluster assignments by repeatedly attempting subdivision, and keeping the best resulting splits, until a criterion such as the Akaike information criterion (AIC) or Bayesian information criterion (BIC) is reached.

  4. k-means++ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means++

    In data mining, k-means++ [1] [2] is an algorithm for choosing the initial values (or "seeds") for the k-means clustering algorithm. It was proposed in 2007 by David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii, as an approximation algorithm for the NP-hard k-means problem—a way of avoiding the sometimes poor clusterings found by the standard k-means algorithm.

  5. Model-based clustering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-based_clustering

    Several of these models correspond to well-known heuristic clustering methods. For example, k-means clustering is equivalent to estimation of the EII clustering model using the classification EM algorithm. [8] The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) can be used to choose the best clustering model as well as the number of clusters. It can also ...

  6. Fuzzy clustering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_clustering

    Fuzzy clustering (also referred to as soft clustering or soft k-means) is a form of clustering in which each data point can belong to more than one cluster.. Clustering or cluster analysis involves assigning data points to clusters such that items in the same cluster are as similar as possible, while items belonging to different clusters are as dissimilar as possible.

  7. Automatic clustering algorithms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Clustering...

    Given a set of n objects, centroid-based algorithms create k partitions based on a dissimilarity function, such that k≤n. A major problem in applying this type of algorithm is determining the appropriate number of clusters for unlabeled data. Therefore, most research in clustering analysis has been focused on the automation of the process.

  8. Image segmentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_segmentation

    The K-means algorithm is an iterative technique that is used to partition an image into K clusters. [24] The basic algorithm is Pick K cluster centers, either randomly or based on some heuristic method, for example K-means++; Assign each pixel in the image to the cluster that minimizes the distance between the pixel and the cluster center

  9. Non-negative matrix factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-negative_matrix...

    That method is commonly used for analyzing and clustering textual data and is also related to the latent class model. NMF with the least-squares objective is equivalent to a relaxed form of K-means clustering: the matrix factor W contains cluster centroids and H contains cluster membership indicators.