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  2. Electrical brain stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_brain_stimulation

    Electrical brain stimulation (EBS), also referred to as focal brain stimulation (FBS), is a form of electrotherapy used as a technique in research and clinical neurobiology to stimulate a neuron or neural network in the brain through the direct or indirect excitation of its cell membrane by using an electric current.

  3. Electroconvulsive therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroconvulsive_therapy

    Patients who received pulsing electrical impulses, as opposed to a steady flow, seemed to incur less memory loss. The vast majority of modern treatment uses brief pulse currents. [70] A greater number of treatments and higher electrical charges (stimulus charges) have also been associated with a greater risk of memory impairment. [35]

  4. Neural oscillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_oscillation

    Richard Caton discovered electrical activity in the cerebral hemispheres of rabbits and monkeys and presented his findings in 1875. [4] Adolf Beck published in 1890 his observations of spontaneous electrical activity of the brain of rabbits and dogs that included rhythmic oscillations altered by light, detected with electrodes directly placed on the surface of the brain. [5]

  5. Action potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential

    Electrical synapses allow for faster transmission because they do not require the slow diffusion of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft. Hence, electrical synapses are used whenever fast response and coordination of timing are crucial, as in escape reflexes, the retina of vertebrates, and the heart.

  6. Neuromodulation (medicine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromodulation_(medicine)

    Neuronal correlates of cognitive functions are still intriguing questions for contemporary research. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic brain tissue stimulation targets a large area of poorly characterized tissue. Therefore, it is unclear whether electrical and magnetic fields reach only the neuronal networks of the brain that need treatment.

  7. Excitatory synapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitatory_synapse

    There are two different kinds of synapses present within the human brain: chemical and electrical. Chemical synapses are by far the most prevalent and are the main player involved in excitatory synapses. Electrical synapses, the minority, allow direct, passive flow of electric current through special intercellular connections called gap ...

  8. Transcranial direct-current stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_direct...

    Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of neuromodulation that uses constant, low direct current delivered via electrodes on the head. It was originally developed to help patients with brain injuries or neuropsychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder .

  9. Biological neuron model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_neuron_model

    Electrical input–output membrane voltage models – These models produce a prediction for membrane output voltage as a function of electrical stimulation given as current or voltage input. The various models in this category differ in the exact functional relationship between the input current and the output voltage and in the level of detail.