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Unique to the tailed frogs is the ability to secrete a series of antimicrobial peptides called ascaphins. These peptides share minimal genetic characteristics with other peptides secreted by frogs, yet show some similarities with antibacterial peptides found in African scorpions Pandinus imperator and Opistophthalmus carinatus .
The tail is one of two distinctive anatomical features adapting the species to life in fast-flowing streams. It is the only North American frog that reproduces by internal fertilization. [12] Until 2001, the genus was believed to be monotypic, the single species being the tailed frog (Ascaphus truei Stejneger, 1899).
The tailed frogs are two species of frogs. The species are part of the genus Ascaphus, the only taxon in the family Ascaphidae / æ ˈ s k æ f ɪ d iː /. The "tail" in the name is actually an extension of the male cloaca. The tail is one of two distinctive anatomical features adapting the species to life in fast-flowing streams.
Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from taxonomy or evolutionary history. An adult frog has a stout body, protruding eyes , anteriorly-attached tongue , limbs folded underneath, and no tail (the tail of tailed frogs is an extension of the male cloaca).
Family Alytidae – painted frogs or disc-tongued frogs, 12 species. Includes the genus Discoglossus (5 species) which is sometimes considered a distinct family, Discoglossidae. Family Bombinatoridae – firebelly toads, 8 species; Family Leiopelmatidae – New Zealand primitive frogs, 3 species in genus Leiopelma. Family Ascaphidae – tailed
Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from taxonomy or evolutionary history. An adult frog has a stout body, protruding eyes , anteriorly-attached tongue , limbs folded underneath, and no tail (the tail of tailed frogs is an extension of the male cloaca).
The tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) exhibits internal fertilisation. The "tail" is only possessed by the male and is an extension of the cloaca and used to inseminate the female. This frog lives in fast-flowing streams and internal fertilisation prevents the sperm from being washed away before fertilisation occurs. [90]
Tailed frogs: Tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) Bombinatoridae (Gray, 1825) 2: Fire-belly toads: European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) Alytidae (Fitzinger, 1843) 3: Painted frogs or disc-tongued frogs: Portuguese or Iberian painted frog (Discoglossus galganoi) Leiopelmatidae (Mivart, 1869) 1: New Zealand primitive frogs: Hochstetters frog ...