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In the 1983 edition of his book, Vaillant required four positive answers to questions on his Problem Drinking Scale (PDS) to indicate alcohol abuse. To diagnose full-blown alcoholism—i.e. alcohol dependence—he used DSM III, which requires either physical tolerance or physiological withdrawal. [14]
Since the consumption of alcohol is necessary to develop alcoholism, the availability of and attitudes towards alcohol in an individual's environment affect their likelihood of developing the disease. Current evidence indicates that in both men and women, alcoholism is 50–60% genetically determined, leaving 40-50% for environmental influences ...
Alcohol dependence refers to an entity in which only alcohol is the involved addictive agent. Alcoholism refers to an entity in which alcohol or any cross-tolerant addictive agent is involved. In alcohol dependence, reduction of alcohol, as defined within DSM-IV, can be attained by learning to control the use of alcohol.
greater than 7 standard drinks units per week or greater than 3 standard drinks on a single occasion in women [10] any drinking in pregnant women or persons < 21 years old [10] Binge drinking is a pattern of alcohol consumption that brings blood alcohol concentration ≥ 0.08%, usually corresponding to:
Sexual behavior in women under the influence of alcohol is also different from men. Studies have shown that increased BAC is associated with longer orgasmic latencies and decreased intensity of orgasm. [16] Some women report a greater sexual arousal with increased alcohol consumption as well as increased sensations of pleasure during orgasm ...
The World Health Organization on Friday urged governments to consider gender when developing their alcohol policies, warning that industry marketing increasingly targeted women who face greater ...
From the ACA fellowship text (also known as "The Big Red Book"): [21] "By attending these meetings [19] on a regular basis, you will come to see parental alcoholism or family dysfunction for what it is: a disease that infected you as a child and continues to affect you as an adult." [22] The goal of working the program is emotional sobriety. [12]
She believed alcoholism runs in the family, and education of the disease was essential. Three ideas formed the basis of her message: Alcoholism is a disease and the alcoholic a sick person. The alcoholic can be helped and is worth helping. Alcoholism is a public health problem and therefore a public responsibility. [6]