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  2. Division (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_(mathematics)

    More systematically and more efficiently, two integers can be divided with pencil and paper with the method of short division, if the divisor is small, or long division, if the divisor is larger. If the dividend has a fractional part (expressed as a decimal fraction), one can continue the procedure past the ones place as far as desired. If the ...

  3. Repeating decimal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeating_decimal

    Conversely the period of the repeating decimal of a fraction ⁠ c / d ⁠ will be (at most) the smallest number n such that 10 n − 1 is divisible by d. For example, the fraction ⁠ 2 / 7 ⁠ has d = 7, and the smallest k that makes 10 k − 1 divisible by 7 is k = 6, because 999999 = 7 × 142857.

  4. Percentage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage

    The percent value can also be found by multiplying first instead of later, so in this example, the 50 would be multiplied by 100 to give 5,000, and this result would be divided by 1,250 to give 4%. To calculate a percentage of a percentage, convert both percentages to fractions of 100, or to decimals, and multiply them. For example, 50% of 40% is:

  5. Floating-point arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating-point_arithmetic

    For example, the decimal number 123456789 cannot be exactly represented if only eight decimal digits of precision are available (it would be rounded to one of the two straddling representable values, 12345678 × 10 1 or 12345679 × 10 1), the same applies to non-terminating digits (. 5 to be rounded to either .55555555 or .55555556).

  6. Scientific notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_notation

    For comparison, the same number in decimal representation: 1.125 × 2 3 (using decimal representation), or 1.125B3 (still using decimal representation). Some calculators use a mixed representation for binary floating point numbers, where the exponent is displayed as decimal number even in binary mode, so the above becomes 1.001 b × 10 b 3 d or ...

  7. Duodecimal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodecimal

    The duodecimal system, also known as base twelve or dozenal, is a positional numeral system using twelve as its base.In duodecimal, the number twelve is denoted "10", meaning 1 twelve and 0 units; in the decimal system, this number is instead written as "12" meaning 1 ten and 2 units, and the string "10" means ten.

  8. Arithmetic coding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_coding

    The message is encoded in the fraction 0.538 (using decimal for clarity, instead of binary; also assuming that there are only as many digits as needed to decode the message.) The process starts with the same interval used by the encoder: [0,1), and using the same model, dividing it into the same four sub-intervals that the encoder must have.

  9. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

    Graphs of y = b x for various bases b: base 10, base e, base 2, base ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠. Each curve passes through the point (0, 1) because any nonzero number raised to the power of 0 is 1. At x = 1, the value of y equals the base because any number raised to the power of 1 is the number itself.