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SATA drives may be plugged into SAS controllers and communicate on the same physical cable as native SAS disks, but SATA controllers cannot handle SAS disks. Female SATA ports (on motherboards for example) are for use with SATA data cables that have locks or clips to prevent accidental unplugging.
The SAS is a new generation serial communication protocol for devices designed to allow for much higher speed data transfers and is compatible with SATA. SAS uses a mechanically identical data and power connector to standard 3.5-inch SATA1/SATA2 HDDs, and many server-oriented SAS RAID controllers are also capable of addressing SATA hard drives.
Mechanically, connectors on the host side retain their backward compatibility in a way similar to how USB 3.0 does it – the new host-side SATA Express connector is made by "stacking" an additional connector on top of two legacy standard SATA data connectors, which are regular SATA 3.0 (6 Gbit/s) ports that can accept legacy SATA devices.
They phased out around 2015 to replace with the newer M.2 format which is way faster traditional 2.5" SATA SSD as it uses the PCI Express standard. A solid-state drive ( SSD ) is a type of solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuits to store data persistently .
Advanced Host Controller Interface - Wikipedia
Hence, its protocol is usually ATA (a.k.a. PATA), SATA, SCSI, FC or SAS. The front-end interface communicates with a computer's host adapter (HBA, Host Bus Adapter) and uses: one of ATA, SATA, SCSI, FC; these are popular protocols used by disks, so by using one of them a controller may transparently emulate a disk for a computer.
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U.2 (pronounced 'u-dot-2' [1]), using the port SFF-8639, is a computer interface standard for connecting solid-state drives (SSDs) to a computer. It covers the physical connector, electrical characteristics, and communication protocols.