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The stone remains widely used in the United Kingdom and Ireland for human body weight: in those countries people may commonly be said to weigh, e.g., "11 stone 4" (11 stones and 4 pounds), rather than "72 kilograms" as in most of the other countries, or "158 pounds", the conventional way of expressing the same weight in the US and in Canada. [38]
In 1824, these units were replaced with a single system based on the imperial gallon. [a] Originally defined as the volume of 10 pounds (4.54 kg) of distilled water (under certain conditions), [b] then redefined by the Weights and Measures Act 1985 to be exactly 4.546 09 L (277.4 cu in), the imperial gallon is close in size to the old ale gallon.
When the Tower system was abolished in the 16th century, the bushel was redefined as 56 avoirdupois pounds. The imperial bushel established by the Weights and Measures Act 1824 described the bushel as the volume of 80 avoirdupois pounds of distilled water in air at 62 °F (17 °C) [citation needed] or 8 imperial gallons. [1]
The quarter of wine was a gallon larger than a hogshead: [15] since the wine gallon was considered to be 231 cubic inches, [17] the measure was 242.27 litres. The ale gallon was 282 cubic inches, [18] meaning the quarter of ale was 295.75 litres. Cardarelli also says it can vary from 17 to 30 imperial gallons for liquor. [19]
The wine, fluid, or liquid gallon has been the standard US gallon since the early 19th century [citation needed]. The wine gallon, which some sources relate to the volume occupied by eight medieval merchant pounds of wine, was at one time defined as the volume of a cylinder 6 inches deep and 7 inches in diameter, i.e. 6 in × ( 3 + 1 / 2 ...
For example, if one jug that holds 8 liters is empty and the other jug that hold 12 liters has 9 liters of water in it to begin with, then with a source (tap) and a drain (sink), these two jugs can measure volumes of 9 liters, 5 liters, 1 liter, as well as 12 liters, 8 liters, 4 liters and 0 liters.
Livestock and meat production have some of the largest water footprints of the agricultural industry, taking nearly 1,800 gallons of water to produce one pound of beef and 576 gallons for pork. About 108 gallons of water are needed to harvest one pound of corn. [4] Livestock production is also one of the most resource-intensive agricultural ...
The dry gallon's implicit value in the US system was originally one eighth of the Winchester bushel, which was a cylindrical measure of 18.5 inches (469.9 mm) in diameter and 8 inches (203.2 mm) in depth, making it an irrational number of cubic inches; its value to seven significant digits was 268.8025 cubic inches (4.404884 litres), from an ...