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two objects being equal but distinct, e.g., two $10 banknotes; two objects being equal but having different representation, e.g., a $1 bill and a $1 coin; two different references to the same object, e.g., two nicknames for the same person; In many modern programming languages, objects and data structures are accessed through references. In ...
For example, in Java, any class that implements the Comparable interface has a compareTo method which either returns a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer, or throws a NullPointerException (if one or both objects are null). Similarly, in the .NET framework, any class that implements the IComparable interface has such a CompareTo method.
Short-circuit evaluation, minimal evaluation, or McCarthy evaluation (after John McCarthy) is the semantics of some Boolean operators in some programming languages in which the second argument is executed or evaluated only if the first argument does not suffice to determine the value of the expression: when the first argument of the AND function evaluates to false, the overall value must be ...
For instance, consider the following Python program: x = 0 def setx ( n ): global x x = n setx ( 3 ) assert x == 3 setx ( 3 ) assert x == 3 setx is idempotent because the second application of setx to 3 has the same effect on the system state as the first application: x was already set to 3 after the first application, and it is still set to 3 ...
The detailed semantics of "the" ternary operator as well as its syntax differs significantly from language to language. A top level distinction from one language to another is whether the expressions permit side effects (as in most procedural languages) and whether the language provides short-circuit evaluation semantics, whereby only the selected expression is evaluated (most standard ...
In many languages, the scope resolution operator is written ::. In some languages, notably those influenced by Modula-3 (including Python and Go), modules are objects, and scope resolution within modules is a special case of usual object member access, so the usual method operator . is used for scope resolution.
A snippet of Python code with keywords highlighted in bold yellow font. The syntax of the Python programming language is the set of rules that defines how a Python program will be written and interpreted (by both the runtime system and by human readers). The Python language has many similarities to Perl, C, and Java. However, there are some ...
The term comes from the specification for Common Lisp, which explicitly refers to the programming language feature enabling for inter-language calls as such; [citation needed] the term is also often used officially by the interpreter and compiler documentation for Haskell, [1] Rust, [2] PHP, [3] Python, and LuaJIT [4] [5]: 35 . [6]