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In genetics, the mutation rate is the frequency of new mutations in a single gene, nucleotide sequence, or organism over time. [2] Mutation rates are not constant and are not limited to a single type of mutation; there are many different types of mutations. Mutation rates are given for specific classes of mutations.
It can also be biased by violation of the infinite-sites mutational model; if multiple mutations can overwrite one another, Watterson's estimator will be biased downward. Comparing the value of the Watterson's estimator, to nucleotide diversity is the basis of Tajima's D which allows inference of the evolutionary regime of a given locus.
Two other important uses for the relative rate test are to determine if and how generation time and metabolic processes affect mutational rate. Firstly is generation time. Sarich and Wilson first used the relative rate test to show that there was no evidence of a generation effect on lineage mutation rates for albumin within primates. [4]
Mutation frequencies test are cost effective in laboratories [1] however; these two concepts provide vital information in reference to accounting for the emergence of mutations on any given germ line. [2] [3] There are several test utilized in measuring the chances of mutation frequency and rates occurring in a particular gene pool.
Segregating sites include conservative, semi-conservative and non-conservative mutations. The proportion of segregating sites within a gene is an important statistic in population genetics since it can be used to estimate mutation rate assuming no selection. For example it is used to calculate the Tajima's D neutral evolution statistic.
Ab Initio gene prediction is an intrinsic method based on gene content and signal detection. Because of the inherent expense and difficulty in obtaining extrinsic evidence for many genes, it is also necessary to resort to ab initio gene finding, in which the genomic DNA sequence alone is systematically searched for certain tell-tale signs of protein-coding genes.
If the mutation rate (to go from the B to the A allele) in the population is u then the rate with which one member of the population will mutate to A is given by N × u and the rate with which the whole population goes from all B to all A is the rate that a single mutant A arises times the probability that it will take over the population ...
Selection coefficient, usually denoted by the letter s, is a measure used in population genetics to quantify the relative fitness of a genotype compared to other genotypes. . Selection coefficients are central to the quantitative description of evolution, since fitness differences determine the change in genotype frequencies attributable to selecti