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  2. Archard equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archard_equation

    The Archard wear equation is a simple model used to describe sliding wear and is based on the theory of asperity contact. The Archard equation was developed much later than Reye's hypothesis [] (sometimes also known as energy dissipative hypothesis), though both came to the same physical conclusions, that the volume of the removed debris due to wear is proportional to the work done by friction ...

  3. Wear coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wear_coefficient

    In an experimental situation the hardness of the uppermost layer of material in the contact may not be known with any certainty, consequently, the ratio is more useful; this is known as the dimensional wear coefficient or the specific wear rate. This is usually quoted in units of mm 3 N −1 m −1. [5]

  4. Tool wear - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_wear

    Types of wear include: flank wear in which the portion of the tool in contact with the finished part erodes. Can be described using the Tool Life Expectancy equation. crater wear in which contact with chips erodes the rake face. This is somewhat normal for tool wear, and does not seriously degrade the use of a tool until it becomes serious ...

  5. Physics of failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics_of_failure

    HCI: λ HCI = A 3 exp(−β/VD) exp(−E a / kT) [12] where λ HCI is the failure rate of HCI, A 3 is an empirical fitting parameter, β is an empirical fitting parameter, V D is the drain voltage, E a is the activation energy of HCI, typically −0.2 to −0.1 eV, k is the Boltzmann constant, and T is absolute temperature.

  6. Rule of mixtures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_mixtures

    where is the volume fraction of the fibers in the composite (and is the volume fraction of the matrix).. If it is assumed that the composite material behaves as a linear-elastic material, i.e., abiding Hooke's law = for some elastic modulus of the composite and some strain of the composite , then equations 1 and 2 can be combined to give

  7. Tribology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribology

    Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative motion.It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology and engineering. [1]

  8. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ⋯ - ⋯ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%2B_2_%2B_3_%2B_4_%2B_%E...

    where f (2k−1) is the (2k − 1)th derivative of f and B 2k is the (2k)th Bernoulli number: B 2 = ⁠ 1 / 6 ⁠, B 4 = ⁠− + 1 / 30 ⁠, and so on. Setting f ( x ) = x , the first derivative of f is 1, and every other term vanishes, so [ 15 ]

  9. Meyer's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyer's_law

    It is roughly related to the strain hardening coefficient in the equation for the true stress-true strain curve by adding 2. [1] Note, however, that below approximately d = 0.5 mm (0.020 in) the value of n can surpass 3. Because of this, Meyer's law is often restricted to values of d greater than 0.5 mm up to the diameter of the indenter. [4]