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The term drag area derives from aerodynamics, where it is the product of some reference area (such as cross-sectional area, total surface area, or similar) and the drag coefficient. In 2003, Car and Driver magazine adopted this metric as a more intuitive way to compare the aerodynamic efficiency of various automobiles.
A PennDOT plaque at an interstate highway rest area. The Highway Administration deputate oversees 39,737 miles (63,951 km) of roadway and 25,400 bridges in Pennsylvania which comprise the Pennsylvania State Route System. The deputate is made up of over 9,300 employees in design, construction, maintenance, materials testing, environmental review ...
The concept of vehicle-specific power (VSP) is a formalism used in the evaluation of vehicle emissions. The idea was first developed by J. L. Jiménez ( Jiménez 1998 ) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology .
PA-12345 12345-PA: Front and rear plates required. Serials PA-10000 through PA-29999 issued, followed by 10000-PA onwards. [12] Official Use – Commercial PA-12345 PA-1234A Only rear plates required. Serials PA-30000 through PA-99999 issued, followed by PA-0000A onwards. [12] Omnibus: OB-12345 Current serial format began at OB-10000 in 1974. [13]
The tax horsepower or taxable horsepower was an early system by which taxation rates for automobiles were reckoned in some European countries such as Britain, Belgium, Germany, France and Italy; some US states like Illinois charged license plate purchase and renewal fees for passenger automobiles based on taxable horsepower.
Kra or KRA can refer to: Kenya Revenue Authority; Key result area, a management term; Kra (band) Kra (letter) Kra Isthmus; Kra Peninsula; Kra River, Malay Peninsula;
Mean effective pressure is also useful for initial design calculations; that is, given a torque, standard MEP values can be used to estimate the required engine displacement. However, mean effective pressure does not reflect the actual pressures inside an individual combustion chamber – although the two are certainly related – and serves ...
Passenger car equivalent (PCE) or passenger car unit (PCU) is a metric used in transportation engineering to assess traffic-flow rate on a highway. [ 1 ] A passenger car equivalent is essentially the impact that a mode of transport has on traffic variables (such as headway, speed, density) compared to a single car.