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  2. Zero-inflated model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-inflated_model

    The proportion of candidates with zero publications exceeded the number predicted by a Poisson model. "Long [6] argued that the PhD candidates might fall into two distinct groups: "publishers" (perhaps striving for an academic career) and "non-publishers" (seeking other career paths). One reasonable form of explanation is that the observed zero ...

  3. Zip2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip2

    Zip2 Corp. [2] was a company that provided and licensed online city guide software to newspapers. [3] The company was founded in Palo Alto, California as Global Link Information Network, Inc. on November 9, 1995, [4] by Greg Kouri and brothers Elon and Kimbal Musk.

  4. pandas (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandas_(software)

    However, if data is a DataFrame, then data['a'] returns all values in the column(s) named a. To avoid this ambiguity, Pandas supports the syntax data.loc['a'] as an alternative way to filter using the index. Pandas also supports the syntax data.iloc[n], which always takes an integer n and returns the nth value, counting from 0. This allows a ...

  5. Zipf's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipf's_law

    The data conform to Zipf's law with exponent s to the extent that the plot approximates a linear (more precisely, affine) function with slope −s. For exponent s = 1 , one can also plot the reciprocal of the frequency (mean interword interval) against rank, or the reciprocal of rank against frequency, and compare the result with the line ...

  6. Data fusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_fusion

    Data fusion is the process of integrating multiple data sources to produce more consistent, accurate, and useful information than that provided by any individual data source. Data fusion processes are often categorized as low, intermediate, or high, depending on the processing stage at which fusion takes place. [ 1 ]

  7. Data compression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_compression

    Comparison of two revisions of a file. Data compression can be viewed as a special case of data differencing. [30] [31] Data differencing consists of producing a difference given a source and a target, with patching reproducing the target given a source and a difference.

  8. Data orientation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_orientation

    Data orientation is the representation of tabular data in a linear memory model such as in-disk or in-memory. The two most common representations are column-oriented (columnar format) and row-oriented (row format). [1] [2] The choice of data orientation is a trade-off and an architectural decision in databases, query engines, and numerical ...

  9. Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lempel–Ziv–Markov_chain...

    Context-based range decoding is invoked by the LZMA algorithm passing it a reference to the "context", which consists of the unsigned 11-bit variable prob (typically implemented using a 16-bit data type) representing the predicted probability of the bit being 0, which is read and updated by the range decoder (and should be initialized to ...