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3D still showing rabies virus structure. Rhabdoviruses have helical symmetry, so their infectious particles are approximately cylindrical in shape. They are characterized by an extremely broad host spectrum ranging from plants [citation needed] to insects [citation needed] and mammals; human-infecting viruses more commonly have icosahedral symmetry and take shapes approximating regular polyhedra.
Lyssavirus (from the Greek λύσσα lyssa "rage, fury, rabies" and the Latin vīrus) [1] [2] is a genus of RNA viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Mammals, including humans, can serve as natural hosts .
Rabies is caused by lyssaviruses, including the rabies virus and Australian bat lyssavirus. [4] It is spread when an infected animal bites or scratches a human or other animals. [ 1 ] Saliva from an infected animal can also transmit rabies if the saliva comes into contact with the eyes, mouth, or nose. [ 1 ]
On a global scale, however, the World Health Organization reports that dogs are the main source of human rabies deaths, contributing up to 99% of all rabies transmissions to humans.
Rabies has a long history of association with dogs. The first written record of rabies is in the Codex of Eshnunna (c. 1930 BC), which dictates that the owner of a dog showing symptoms of rabies should take preventive measure against bites. If a person was bitten by a rabid dog and later died, the owner was fined heavily.
Indiana vesiculovirus, formerly Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV or VSV) is a virus in the family Rhabdoviridae; the well-known Rabies lyssavirus belongs to the same family. VSIV can infect insects, cattle, horses and pigs. It has particular importance to farmers in certain regions of the world where it infects cattle.
“With a change in genome, it can rapidly change shape to its survival advantage,” says Thomas Russo, MD, a professor and chief of infectious disease at the University at Buffalo in New York.
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