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Ophiolites are sequences of mafic to ultramafic rock generally believed to represent ancient oceanic lithosphere.They are distributed all across the world being all of them located at present or past orogenic belts, sites of mountain building processes.
An ophiolite is a section of Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed, and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks. The Greek word ὄφις, ophis (snake) is found in the name of ophiolites, because of the superficial texture of some of them. Serpentinite especially evokes a snakeskin.
The Samail Ophiolite, also known as the Semail Ophiolite, is a large, ancient geological formation in Oman and the United Arab Emirates in the Arabian Peninsula. [2] It is one of the world's largest and best-exposed segments of oceanic crust , made of volcanic rocks and ultramafic rocks from the Earth's upper mantle that was overthrust onto the ...
The Dun Mountain Ophiolite is an ophiolite of Permian age located in New Zealand's South Island. Prehistorically this ophiolite was quarried by Māori for both metasomatized argillite and pounamu which was used in the production of tools and jewellery. [2] In the late 1800s, the Dun Mountain ophiolite belt was surveyed for its economic potential.
One of the main drivers of this ophiolite dismemberment is the active San Andreas fault. Kinematic reconstructions of the ophiolite fragments show that the Jurassic Coast Range Ophiolite retains its original lithospheric coherence, meaning geologists are able to re-construct how the ophiolites have been moved by faults moved since its genesis.
The ophiolite is intruded by a sill of granitic rock, the Payson Granite, which conceals the deepest layers of the ophiolite, including the entire ultramafic mantle portion of the ophiolite. The deepest accessible layers are the gabbronorite of Round Valley. [2] Regionally, the ophiolite is thought to be overlain by the Tonto Basin Supergroup. [3]
Blue Ridge Ophiolite is an ultramafic series of pods found in the Blue Ridge Mountains of the Appalachian mountain chain. [1] The pods formed before the Taconic orogeny . [ 1 ] Throughout the middle and late Ordovician period, the rocks were affected by regional metamorphism leading to resulting in altered mineralogy for some pods.
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