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  2. Identity matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_matrix

    The th column of an identity matrix is the unit vector, a vector whose th entry is 1 and 0 elsewhere. The determinant of the identity matrix is 1, and its trace is . The identity matrix is the only idempotent matrix with non-zero determinant. That is, it is the only matrix such that:

  3. Gell-Mann matrices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gell-Mann_matrices

    Since the eight matrices and the identity are a complete trace-orthogonal set spanning all 3×3 matrices, it is straightforward to find two Fierz completeness relations, (Li & Cheng, 4.134), analogous to that satisfied by the Pauli matrices. Namely, using the dot to sum over the eight matrices and using Greek indices for their row/column ...

  4. 3D rotation group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_rotation_group

    Specifically, if we choose an orthonormal basis of , every rotation is described by an orthogonal 3 × 3 matrix (i.e., a 3 × 3 matrix with real entries which, when multiplied by its transpose, results in the identity matrix) with determinant 1.

  5. Invariants of tensors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariants_of_tensors

    A real tensor in 3D (i.e., one with a 3x3 component matrix) has as many as six independent invariants, three being the invariants of its symmetric part and three characterizing the orientation of the axial vector of the skew-symmetric part relative to the principal directions of the symmetric part.

  6. List of named matrices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_named_matrices

    A square matrix derived by applying an elementary row operation to the identity matrix. Equivalent matrix: A matrix that can be derived from another matrix through a sequence of elementary row or column operations. Frobenius matrix: A square matrix in the form of an identity matrix but with arbitrary entries in one column below the main diagonal.

  7. Determinant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determinant

    Moreover, they both take the value when is the identity matrix. The above-mentioned unique characterization of alternating multilinear maps therefore shows this claim. [8] A matrix with entries in a field is invertible precisely if its determinant is nonzero. This follows from the multiplicativity of the determinant and the formula for the ...

  8. Matrix (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)

    The identity matrix I n of size n is the n-by-n matrix in which all the elements on the main diagonal are equal to 1 and all other elements are equal to 0, for example, = [], = [], = [] It is a square matrix of order n, and also a special kind of diagonal matrix. It is called an identity matrix because multiplication with it leaves a matrix ...

  9. Involutory matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involutory_matrix

    I is the 3 × 3 identity matrix (which is trivially involutory); R is the 3 × 3 identity matrix with a pair of interchanged rows; S is a signature matrix. Any block-diagonal matrices constructed from involutory matrices will also be involutory, as a consequence of the linear independence of the blocks.