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Tooth remineralization is the natural repair process for non-cavitated tooth lesions, [1] [2] in which calcium, phosphate and sometimes fluoride ions are deposited into crystal voids in demineralised enamel. Remineralization can contribute towards restoring strength and function within tooth structure.
Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and contains the highest percentage of minerals (at 96%), [2] with water and organic material composing the rest. [3] The primary mineral is hydroxyapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. [4]
A veneer is a very thin shell of porcelain that can replace or cover part of the enamel of the tooth. Full-porcelain restorations are particularly desirable because their color and translucency mimic natural tooth enamel. Another type is known as porcelain-fused-to-metal, which is used to provide strength to a crown or bridge. These ...
“If you have exposed dentin, very thin enamel, exposed cavities or root surfaces showing, the acid in whitening strips can erode more tooth structure than can be remineralized and so should be ...
Brushing and flossing can remove plaque from which calculus forms; however, once formed, calculus is too hard (firmly attached) to be removed with a toothbrush. Calculus buildup can be removed with ultrasonic tools or dental hand instruments (such as a periodontal scaler ).
Further layers are built up to mimic the natural translucency of the enamel of the tooth. The porcelain is fused to a semi-precious metal or precious metal, such as gold, for extra strength. Systems which use an aluminium oxide, zirconium oxide or zirconia core instead of metal, produces complete porcelain restorations. [10]
Where the enamel (the hard outer surface of the tooth) has cavitated or even has a small breach due to tooth decay, the cavity can be enlarged with special hand instruments when necessary to enable access to the soft decayed tooth tissue. After removing as much decay as necessary, the cavity is cleaned with water, dried and filled with the HVGIC.
The dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) is an intricate biomechanical interface that forms the boundary between the highly mineralised enamel and the collagen-rich dentin. Enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body, consisting predominantly of hydroxyapatite crystals.