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Photonic crystal fibers are a special types of optical fibers that has contain air holes distributed in specific patterns around a solid or hollow core. Due to their high sensitivity, inherent flexibility, and small diameters, they can be used in a variety of situations requiring high robustness and portability.
The word 'Photonics' is derived from the Greek word "phos" meaning light (which has genitive case "photos" and in compound words the root "photo-" is used); it appeared in the late 1960s to describe a research field whose goal was to use light to perform functions that traditionally fell within the typical domain of electronics, such as telecommunications, information processing, etc ...
Potential applications include cloaking and transformation optics. [10] Photonic crystals differ from PM in that the size and periodicity of their scattering elements are larger, on the order of the wavelength. Also, a photonic crystal is not homogeneous, so it is not possible to define values of ε (permittivity) or u (permeability). [11]
Photonic crystals occur in nature in the form of structural coloration and animal reflectors, and, as artificially produced, promise to be useful in a range of applications. Photonic crystals can be fabricated for one, two, or three dimensions. One-dimensional photonic crystals can be made of thin film layers deposited on each other.
Unlike electronic integration where silicon is the dominant material, system photonic integrated circuits have been fabricated from a variety of material systems, including electro-optic crystals such as lithium niobate, silica on silicon, silicon on insulator, various polymers, and semiconductor materials which are used to make semiconductor lasers such as GaAs and InP.
[10] "Optically coupled microcavities have emerged as photonic structures with promising properties for investigation of fundamental science as well as for applications." [11] The first photonic realization of the two-level system of a photonic molecule was by Spreew et al., [12] who used optical fibers to realize a ring resonator, although ...
Optoelectronics (or optronics) is the study and application of electronic devices and systems that find, detect and control light, usually considered a sub-field of photonics. In this context, light often includes invisible forms of radiation such as gamma rays , X-rays , ultraviolet and infrared , in addition to visible light.
This approach can be beneficial for all scintillation applications (for example, medical imaging devices as PET-CT, airport security machines, and free-electron cameras). The best performance of this approach recently showed a 10-fold enhancement in the quantum yield [ 2 ] in a micro-CT experiment.