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More than 8000 species of sea sponges live in oceanic and freshwater habitats. [1] Sponge fishing historically has been an important and lucrative industry, with yearly catches from years 1913 to 1938 regularly exceeding 181 tonnes and generating over 1 million U.S. dollars.
Hexactinellid sponges require a hard substrate, and do not anchor to muddy or sandy sea floors. [6] They are found only where sedimentation rates are low, dissolved silica is high (43–75 μM), and bottom currents are between 0.15 and 0.30 m/s. [5] Dissolved oxygen is low (64–152 μM), and temperatures are a cool 5.5-7.3 °C at the reefs. [5]
If temperature-tracking sea sponges are to be trusted, climate change has progressed much further than scientists have estimated. A new study that uses ocean organisms called sclerosponges to ...
Polymastia is a genus of sea sponges containing about 30 species. [1] These are small to large encrusting or dome-shaped sponges with a smooth surface having many teat-shaped projections . In areas of strong wave action, this genus does not grow the teat structures, but instead grows in a corrugated form. [2]
Winter and McCulloch said these rusty orange long-lived sponges — one of them was more than 320 years old when it was collected — are special in a way that makes them an ideal measuring tool ...
Harvested sponges have been used throughout history for many purposes, including washing and painting. [2] Over-harvesting and sponge disease have led to a decrease in population . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 11 ] Sponge fishing practices have slowly changed over time as new technology has developed and sponge farming is now in use to decrease stress on wild ...
Sponges or sea sponges are primarily marine ... they then either form completely new sponges or recolonize the ... Leuconid sponges grow to over 1 m (3.3 ft) in ...
These sponges gained media attention when a new species, a gourd-shaped carnivorous sponge, was featured in reports of finds off the coast of Antarctica.The new Chondrocladia was one of 76 [citation needed] sponge species identified in the seas off Antarctica by the Antarctic Benthic Deep-Sea Biodiversity Project (ANDEEP) between 2002 and 2005, conducted aboard the German research vessel ...