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Pelvic inflammatory disease is more likely to reoccur when there is a prior history of the infection, recent sexual contact, recent onset of menses, or an IUD (intrauterine device) in place or if the partner has a sexually transmitted infection. [27]
[7] [8] The term sexually transmitted infection is generally preferred over sexually transmitted disease or venereal disease, as it includes cases with no symptomatic disease. [9] Symptoms and signs of STIs may include vaginal discharge, penile discharge, ulcers on or around the genitals, and pelvic pain. [1] Some STIs can cause infertility. [1]
Gonorrhea can spread into the uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can result in scarring of the tubes, greater risk of pregnancy complications and infertility, and can be fatal, particularly in the immunocompromised. [citation needed] PID requires immediate treatment. Infertility in men.
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Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, affecting about 4.2% of women and 2.7% of men worldwide. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] In 2015, about 61 million new cases occurred globally. [ 11 ] In the United States, about 1.4 million cases were reported in 2014. [ 3 ]
Nearly 1 in 3 men have at least one type of HPV. But the burden of screening for this widespread STI is on women. Experts explain why.
Asymptomatic infection is common in both males and females. [8] [10] Untreated infection may spread to the rest of the body (disseminated gonorrhea infection), especially the joints (septic arthritis). Untreated infection in women may cause pelvic inflammatory disease and possible infertility due to the resulting scarring. [11]
Mycoplasma hominis is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease [3] [4] and bacterial vaginosis. [5] It is also associated with male infertility. [6] This species causes a sexually transmitted infection. [7] It is susceptible to the antibiotic clindamycin. [8]