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A cultivated Common Grape Vine, Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera. Use of grapes is known to date back to Neolithic times, following the discovery in 1996 of 7,000-year-old wine storage jars in present-day northern Iran. [26] Further evidence shows the Mesopotamians and Ancient Egyptians had vine plantations and winemaking skills.
Vitis (grapevine) is a genus of 81 accepted species [5] of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The genus consists of species predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, both for direct consumption of the fruit and for fermentation to produce wine.
Grape leaves, the leaves of the grapevine plant, are used in the cuisines of a number of cultures. They may be obtained fresh, or preserved in jars or cans. [1] [2] The leaves are commonly rolled or stuffed with mixtures of meat and rice to produce dolma (often, sarma), found widely in the Mediterranean, Caucasus, Balkans, and Middle East. [3]
A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus Vitis. Grapes are a non-climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The cultivation of grapes began approximately 8,000 years ago, and the fruit has been used as human food throughout its history.
This list of grape varieties includes cultivated grapes, whether used for wine, or eating as a table grape, fresh or dried (raisin, currant, sultana). For a complete list of all grape species, including those unimportant to agriculture, see Vitis .
The word vine can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work. [1] [2] In parts of the world, including the British Isles, the term "vine" usually applies exclusively to grapevines, [3] while the term "climber" is used for all climbing plants. [4]
The vital system of plant life where sunlight energy is trapped by chlorophyll in the leaves and is converted in chemical energy (such as the sugar glucose) that is used throughout the grapevine. Phylloxera A minute (ca. 0.75 mm) underground insect that kills grape vines by attacking their roots. Pip Grape seeds. Pourriture noble French term ...
A few are moderately fertile, and have been used in breeding. A commercially available Euvitis × Muscadinia hybrid is the Southern Home cultivar. [9] [2] Muscadines are hearty grapes with thick and tough skin that protects them from many plant diseases. [10] These grapes nonetheless appear to be susceptible to parasitic nematodes. [11]