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There is also a distinct pathway from layer 3 of the EC directly to CA1, often referred to as the temporoammonic or TA-CA1 pathway. Granule cells of the DG send their axons (called "mossy fibers") to CA3. Pyramidal cells of CA3 send their axons to CA1. Pyramidal cells of CA1 send their axons to the subiculum and deep layers of the EC.
The hippocampus (pl.: hippocampi; via Latin from Greek ἱππόκαμπος, 'seahorse') is a major component of the brain of humans and other vertebrates.The hippocampus is part of the limbic system, and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation.
While these areas lack the characteristic six neocortical layers, birds and reptiles generally possess three layers in the dorsal pallium (the homolog of the mammalian neocortex). [10] [13] The telencephalon of birds and mammals makes neuroanatomical connections with other telecencephalic structures [10] like those made by neocortex. It ...
These six layers of the neomammalian brain work interdependently to process neurological messages at an extremely fast and high-quality level. [9] These six layers are only found in the modern day human brain; however, other higher order mammals have features of these layers that give allow them to have a high cognitive processing ability. [4]
The human brain has been estimated to contain approximately 100 trillion synapses; [12] even the brain of a fruit fly contains several million. [13] The functions of these synapses are very diverse: some are excitatory (exciting the target cell); others are inhibitory; others work by activating second messenger systems that change the internal ...
The adult human brain weighs on average about 1.2–1.4 kg (2.6–3.1 lb) which is about 2% of the total body weight, [2] [3] with a volume of around 1260 cm 3 in men and 1130 cm 3 in women. [4] There is substantial individual variation, [ 4 ] with the standard reference range for men being 1,180–1,620 g (2.60–3.57 lb) [ 5 ] and for women ...
In the human brain, the allocortex is the much smaller area of cortex taking up just 10%; the neocortex takes up the remaining 90%. [1] It is characterized by having just three cortical layers (one main neural layer), in contrast with the six cortical layers of the neocortex. [2]
In humans, the cerebrum is the largest and best-developed of the five major divisions of the brain. The cerebrum is made up of the two cerebral hemispheres and their cerebral cortices (the outer layers of grey matter), and the underlying regions of white matter. [2] Its subcortical structures include the hippocampus, basal ganglia and olfactory ...
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