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Due to Apple macOS’s direct lineage from NeXTSTEP, [4] Objective-C was the standard language used, supported, and promoted by Apple for developing macOS and iOS applications (via their respective application programming interfaces , Cocoa and Cocoa Touch) from 1997, when Apple purchased NeXT until the introduction of the Swift language in ...
Swift and Objective-C code can be used in one program, and by extension, C and C++ also. Beginning in Swift 5.9, C++ code can be used directly from Swift code. [95] In the case of Objective-C, Swift has considerable access to the object model, and can be used to subclass, extend and use Objective-C code to provide protocol support. [96]
Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) is a memory management feature of the Clang compiler providing automatic reference counting for the Objective-C and Swift programming languages. At compile time, it inserts into the object code messages retain and release [ 1 ] [ 2 ] which increase and decrease the reference count at run time, marking for ...
Cocoa is Apple's native object-oriented application programming interface (API) for its desktop operating system macOS.. Cocoa consists of the Foundation Kit, Application Kit, and Core Data frameworks, as included by the Cocoa.h header file, and the libraries and frameworks included by those, such as the C standard library and the Objective-C runtime.
Swift can import any C library, optionally annotating C headers to map C types to Swift objects [27] and import libraries as Swift modules. [28] Swift has two-way bridging with Objective-C on platforms which support Apple's Objective-C runtime. Unlike Objective-C, Swift does not currently support C++ interoperation or exposing Swift types as C ...
The Foundation Kit, or just Foundation for short, is an Objective-C framework in the OpenStep specification described by NeXT Computer, Inc.. It provides basic classes such as wrapper classes and data structure classes. This framework uses the prefix NS (for NeXTSTEP [1]). It is also part of Cocoa and of the Swift standard library.
Dynamic programming languages, such as Python, Perl, Tcl, and Ruby, all provide easy access to native code written in C, C++, or any other language obeying C/C++ calling conventions. Factor has FFIs for C, Fortran, Objective-C, and Windows COM; all of these enable importing and calling arbitrary shared libraries dynamically.
The iOS SDK, combined with Xcode, helps developers write iOS applications using officially supported programming languages, including Swift and Objective-C. [10] An .ipa (iOS App Store Package) file is an iOS application archive file which stores an iOS app.