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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 December 2024. Observation that in many real-life datasets, the leading digit is likely to be small For the unrelated adage, see Benford's law of controversy. The distribution of first digits, according to Benford's law. Each bar represents a digit, and the height of the bar is the percentage of ...
Benford's law : In many collections of data, a given data point has roughly a 30% chance of starting with the digit 1. Benford's law of controversy: Passion is inversely proportional to the amount of real information available. Bennett's laws are principles in quantum information theory. Named for Charles H. Bennett.
However, both types of "law" may be considered instances of a scientific law in the field of statistics. What distinguishes an empirical statistical law from a formal statistical theorem is the way these patterns simply appear in natural distributions , without a prior theoretical reasoning about the data.
Benford's law is an observation that in many real-life sets of numerical data, the leading digit is likely to be small. [21] In sets that obey the law, the number 1 appears as the leading significant digit about 30% of the time, while 9 appears as the leading significant digit less than 5% of the time.
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English: illustration of Benford's law, using the population of the countries of the world. The chart depicts the percentage of countries having the corresponding digit as first digit of their population (red bars). For example, 64 countries of 237 (=27%) have 1 as leading digit of the population.