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Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied lines largely comprising military trenches, in which combatants are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery.
In British and Canadian military argot it equates to a range of terms including slit trench, or fire trench (a trench deep enough for a soldier to stand in), a sangar (sandbagged fire position above ground) or shell scrape (a shallow depression that affords protection in the prone position), or simply—but less accurately—as a "trench".
Also, an enemy that has entered a trench is unable to fire down the length at the defenders, or otherwise enfilade the trench. A traverse trench is a trench dug perpendicular to a trench line, but extending away from the enemy. It has two functions. One function is to provide an entry into the main trench.
Echelon formation: a military formation in which members are arranged diagonally. Encirclement: surrounding enemy forces on all sides, isolating them. Enfilade: a unit (or position) is "enfiladed" when enemy fire can be directed along the long axis of the unit. For instance, a trench is enfiladed if the enemy can fire down the length of the trench.
Sapping is a term used in siege operations to describe the digging of a covered trench (a "sap" [1]) to approach a besieged place without danger from the enemy's fire. [2] The purpose of the sap is usually to advance a besieging army's position towards an attacked fortification.
The scene could be 3,000 km (1,860 miles) away in Ukraine's Donbas region, but instead some 2,000 Ukrainian conscripts and veterans are training in the muddy fields of France's eastern Marne ...
A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide ... Trenches have often been dug for military purposes.
As far back as the 18th century, Prussian military doctrine stressed maneuver and force concentration to achieve a decisive battle (Vernichtungsgedanke). The German military searched for ways to apply this in the face of trench warfare.