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A reagent, termed the titrant or titrator, [2] is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration and volume. The titrant reacts with a solution of analyte (which may also be termed the titrand [3]) to determine the analyte's concentration. The volume of titrant that reacted with the analyte is termed the titration volume.
Differences in the temperature between the titrant and the titrand; Evaporative losses from the surface of the rapidly mixed fluid; Heats of solution when the titrant solvent is mixed with the analyte solvent; Heat introduced by the mechanical action of stirring (minor influence); and; Heat produced by the thermistor itself (very minor influence).
In practice, the analyte solution is usually disposed of since it is difficult to separate the analyte from the bulk electrolyte, and the experiment requires a small amount of analyte. A normal experiment may involve 1–10 mL solution with an analyte concentration between 1 and 10 mmol/L.
Also called direct coulometry, the analyte is oxidized or reduced at the working electrode without intermediate reactions. [6] The working electrode is kept at a constant potential and the current that flows through the circuit is measured. This constant potential is applied long enough to fully reduce or oxidize all of the electroactive ...
The Gran plot is based on the Nernst equation which can be written as = + {+} where E is a measured electrode potential, E 0 is a standard electrode potential, s is the slope, ideally equal to RT/nF, and {H +} is the activity of the hydrogen ion.
Titration is a family of techniques used to determine the concentration of an analyte. [8] Titrating accurately to either the half-equivalence point or the endpoint of a titration allows the chemist to determine the amount of moles used, which can then be used to determine a concentration or composition of the titrant.
Note that iodometry involves indirect titration of iodine liberated by reaction with the analyte, whereas iodimetry involves direct titration using iodine as the titrant. Redox titration using sodium thiosulphate, Na 2 S 2 O 3 (usually) as a reducing agent is known as iodometric titration since it is used specifically to titrate iodine. The ...
The DART ion source is a kind of gas-phase ionization, and it requires some sort of volatility of the analyte to support thermally assisted desorption of analyte ions. [14] This limits the size range of the molecules that can be analyzed by DART i.e. m/z 50 to 1200. [1] [15] DART-MS is capable of semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis. To ...