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Waterborne diseases are conditions (meaning adverse effects on human health, such as death, disability, illness or disorders) [1]: 47 caused by pathogenic micro-organisms that are transmitted by water. These diseases can be spread while bathing, washing, drinking water, or by eating food exposed to contaminated water. [2]
Studies have shown that there can be more than 80 common contaminants in treated drinking water that may pose a risk to human health. These contaminants fall into two separate categories, acute and chronic effects. Acute effects occur within hours or days of the time that a person consumes a contaminant. [33]
Half of the hospital beds occupied in the world are related to the lack of safe drinking water. Unsafe water leads to the 88% of the global cases of diarrhea and 90% of the deaths of diarreaheal diseases in children under five years old. Most of these deaths occur in developing countries due to poverty and the high cost of safe water. [13]
A newly identified chemical byproduct may be present in drinking water in about a third of U.S. homes, a study found. Scientists think it might be toxic but do not yet know.
The WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation [81] is the official United Nations mechanism tasked with monitoring progress towards the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) relating to drinking-water and sanitation (MDG 7, Target 7c), which is to: "Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access ...
The Safe Drinking Water Act, which was passed by Congress in 1974, regulates the country’s drinking water supply, focusing on waters that are or could be used for drinking. This act requires ...
This is in part because pollution causes so many diseases that it is often difficult to draw a straight line between cause and effect. There are many types of pollution-related diseases, including those caused by air pollution, contaminated soil, water pollution and lacking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Air pollution can be reduced.
Water pollution may affect either surface water or groundwater. This form of pollution can lead to many problems. One is the degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Another is spreading water-borne diseases when people use polluted water for drinking or irrigation. [3]