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Most conventional agricultural products are the products of genetic manipulation via traditional cross-breeding and hybridization. [142] [137] [143] Governments manage the marketing and release of GM foods on a case-by-case basis. Countries differ in their risk assessments and regulations. Marked differences distinguish the US from Europe.
The Science and Ethics of Genetic Engineering that fears about the consolidation of power by a few agrochemical companies over farmers is a main argument against new genetic engineering technology in agriculture: "At its extreme, this fear belongs to the conspiracy-theory genre and, to caricature somewhat, envisages powerless farmers forced to ...
The genetic information for tumor growth is encoded on a mobile, circular DNA fragment . When Agrobacterium infects a plant, it transfers this T-DNA to a random site in the plant genome. When used in genetic engineering the bacterial T-DNA is removed from the bacterial plasmid and replaced with the desired foreign gene.
Seeds of Destruction: Hidden Agenda of Genetic Manipulation is a book by F. William Engdahl, an American writer and journalist living in Germany.The book claims that the wealthy Rockefeller family is planning to take control of the world's agriculture and food supply through the Green Revolution and the promotion of genetically modified organisms which would lead to the elimination of ...
Genetic pollution is a term for uncontrolled [1] [2] gene flow into wild populations. It is defined as "the dispersal of contaminated altered genes from genetically engineered organisms to natural organisms, esp. by cross-pollination", [3] but has come to be used in some broader ways.
If for genetic modification genes of the species or of a crossable plant are used under control of their native promoter, then they are called cisgenic plants. Sometimes genetic modification can produce a plant with the desired trait or traits faster than classical breeding because the majority of the plant's genome is not altered.
The regulation of genetic engineering concerns the approaches taken by governments to assess and manage the risks associated with the development and release of genetically modified crops. Differences in the regulation of GM crops exist between countries, with some of the most marked differences occurring between the USA and Europe.
Human-directed genetic manipulation began with the domestication of plants and animals through artificial selection in about 12,000 BC. [1]: 1 Various techniques were developed to aid in breeding and selection. Hybridization was one way rapid changes in an organism's genetic makeup could be introduced. Crop hybridization most likely first ...