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So the regime of flight from Mcrit up to Mach 1.3 is called the transonic range. [citation needed] Northrop X-4 Bantam (Mach 0.9) — Supersonic [1.2–5) 921–3,836 mph (1,482–6,173 km/h; 412–1,715 m/s) The supersonic speed range is that range of speeds within which all of the airflow over an aircraft is supersonic (more than Mach 1).
[1] [2] Supersonic speed is the speed of an object that exceeds the speed of sound (Mach 1). For objects traveling in dry air of a temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) at sea level, this speed is approximately 343.2 m/s (1,126 ft/s; 768 mph; 667.1 kn; 1,236 km/h
The subsonic speed range is that range of speeds within which, all of the airflow over an aircraft is less than Mach 1. The critical Mach number (Mcrit) is lowest free stream Mach number at which airflow over any part of the aircraft first reaches Mach 1. So the subsonic speed range includes all speeds that are less than Mcrit. Transonic: 0.8–1.2
A hypersonic weapon is a weapon capable of travelling at hypersonic speed, defined as above Mach 5, or above 5 times the speed of sound. [1] Below Mach 1, weapons would be characterized as subsonic, and above Mach 1, as supersonic. Typical Low Earth Orbit atmospheric re-entry speed is Mach 25. [2]
T 25 is 298.15 K (= 25 °C = 77 °F), giving a value of 346.1 m/s (= 1 135.6 ft/s = 1246 km/h = 774.3 mph = 672.8 kn). In fact, assuming an ideal gas , the speed of sound c depends on temperature and composition only, not on the pressure or density (since these change in lockstep for a given temperature and cancel out).
In November 1961, Air Force Major Robert White flew the X-15 research aircraft at speeds over Mach 6. [4] [5] On 3 October 1967, in California, an X-15 reached Mach 6.7. [6] The reentry problem of a space vehicle was extensively studied. [7] The NASA X-43A flew on scramjet for 10 seconds, and then glided for 10 minutes on its last flight in 2004.
Mach 5 or variation, may refer to: Mach 5 (speed), a mach number representing the delimiting speed separating supersonic speed (below Mach 5) from hypersonic speed (above Mach 5), 5 times the speed of sound; Mach Five (Japanese: マッハ号, romanized: Mach Go), a racing car in the Speed Racer franchise; Mach-V, an alias of the Marvel Comics ...
Mach number is more useful, and most high-speed aircraft are limited to a maximum operating Mach number, also known as M MO. For example, if the M MO is Mach 0.83, then at 9,100 m (30,000 ft) where the speed of sound under standard conditions is 1,093 kilometres per hour (590 kn), the true airspeed at M MO is 906 kilometres per hour (489 kn).