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Vitamin B 12 is absorbed by a B 12-specific transport proteins or via passive diffusion. [12] Transport-mediated absorption and tissue delivery is a complex process involving three transport proteins: haptocorrin (HC), intrinsic factor (IF) and transcobalamin II (TC2), and respective membrane receptor proteins. HC is present in saliva.
[4]: 50–51 Vitamin B 12 is therefore an important vitamin for the body to absorb. Despite its vital role however, vitamin B 12 is structurally very sensitive to the hydrochloric acid found in the stomach secretions, and easily denatures in that environment before it has a chance to be absorbed by the small intestine.
In pigs it is obtained from the pylorus and beginning of the duodenum; [12] in human beings it is present in the fundus and body of the stomach. [ 13 ] The limited amount of normal human gastric intrinsic factor limits normal efficient absorption of B 12 to about 2 μg per meal, a nominally adequate intake of B 12 .
One of the superpowers of vitamin B12 is that it is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in the human body, Kitchens points out, and it can remain stored in the liver for several years.
In a newly diagnosed vitamin B 12-deficient patient, normally defined as when serum levels are less than 200 pg/ml, daily IM injections of hydroxocobalamin up to 1,000 μg (1 mg) per day are given to replenish the body's depleted cobalamin stores. In the presence of neurological symptoms, following daily treatment, injections up to weekly or ...
Transcobalamin I (TC-1), also known as haptocorrin (HC), R-factor, and R-protein is encoded in the human by the TCN1 gene. TC-1 is a glycoprotein produced by the salivary glands of the mouth. It primarily serves to protect cobalamin (Vitamin B12) from acid degradation in the stomach by producing a HC-Vitamin B 12 complex.
Vitamin B12 deficiency causes symptoms like fatigue, poor memory, a swollen tongue, and canker sores. Skip to main content. 24/7 Help. For premium support please call: 800-290-4726 more ways to ...
Feeling low-energy? You could be among the estimated 3.6% of Americans who are deficient and 12.5% who get insufficient amounts of vitamin B12.. The first step to finding out is seeing your doctor ...
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