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2. Rock (geology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

   Most rocks contain silicate minerals, compounds that include silica tetrahedra in their crystal lattice, and account for about one-third of all known mineral species and about 95% of the earth's crust. [6] The proportion of silica in rocks and minerals is a major factor in determining their names and properties. [7]

3. List of rock types - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_types

   Phosphorite – Sedimentary rock containing large amounts of phosphate minerals – A non-detrital sedimentary rock that contains high amounts of phosphate minerals; Sandstone – Type of sedimentary rock; Shale – Fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock; Siltstone – Sedimentary rock which has a grain size in the silt range

4. Mineral - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral

   Rocks can also be composed entirely of non-mineral material; coal is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of organically derived carbon. [34] [38] In rocks, some mineral species and groups are much more abundant than others; these are termed the rock-forming minerals.

5. List of minerals - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minerals

   This is a list of minerals which have Wikipedia articles. ... Rock crystal (quartz) Rose quartz (pink variety of quartz) Roumanite (amber) Ruby (red gem corundum) S

6. Mineralogy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogy

   Mineralogy applies principles of chemistry, geology, physics and materials science to the study of minerals. Mineralogy [n 1] is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts.

7. Igneous rock - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock

   The completed rock analysis is first to be interpreted in terms of the rock-forming minerals which might be expected to be formed when the magma crystallizes, e.g., quartz feldspars, olivine, akermannite, Feldspathoids, magnetite, corundum, and so on, and the rocks are divided into groups strictly according to the relative proportion of these ...

8. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

   4 Rocks. 5 Chatoyant gems. 6 Asterism. 7 See also. 8 References. ... Some minerals made into gemstones may display a chatoyancy or cat's eye effect, these include: [1 ...

9. Earth's crust - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_crust

   Plates in the crust of Earth. Earth's crust is its thick outer shell of rock, referring to less than one percent of the planet's radius and volume.It is the top component of the lithosphere, a solidified division of Earth's layers that includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle. [1]