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Like many other medical conditions, obesity is the result of an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. [2] [3] Studies have identified variants in several genes that may contribute to weight gain and body fat distribution; although, only in a few cases are genes the primary cause of obesity. [4] [5]
The science behind weight management is complex, but one of the key concepts that governs weight management is Energy Balance. [9] Energy Balance is the phrase used to describe the difference between the number of calories a person consumes and the number of calories that same person expends (a.k.a. burns) in a given time period. [9]
Medical genetics is the branch of medicine that involves the diagnosis and management of hereditary disorders.Medical genetics differs from human genetics in that human genetics is a field of scientific research that may or may not apply to medicine, while medical genetics refers to the application of genetics to medical care.
There is a gradual weight regain after the first year of about 1 to 2 kg per year, but on the long-term this still results in weight loss. [4] Risk factors for cardiovascular disease and for diabetes are reduced for several years after taking part in a weight management programme, even if people regained weight. [45] [46]
Medical illnesses that increase obesity risk include several rare genetic syndromes (listed above) as well as some congenital or acquired conditions: hypothyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, growth hormone deficiency, [146] and some eating disorders such as binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome. [2]
Medical genetics is the application of genetics to medical care. It overlaps human genetics, for example, research on the causes and inheritance of genetic disorders would be considered within both human genetics and medical genetics, while the diagnosis, management, and counseling of individuals with genetic disorders would be considered part ...
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A genetic predisposition is a genetic characteristic which influences the possible phenotypic development of an individual organism within a species or population ...