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Adenoid hypertrophy, also known as enlarged adenoids refers to an enlargement of the adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil) that is linked to nasopharyngeal mechanical blockage and/or chronic inflammation. [1] Adenoid hypertrophy is a characterized by hearing loss , recurrent otitis media , mucopurulent rhinorrhea , chronic mouth breathing , nasal airway ...
The TI-RADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems) are sonographic classification systems which describe the suspicious findings of thyroid nodules. [12] It was first proposed by Horvath et al., [13] based on the BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) concept. Several systems were subsequently proposed and adopted by ...
An enlarged adenoid, or adenoid hypertrophy, can become nearly the size of a ping pong ball and completely block airflow through the nasal passages. Even if the enlarged adenoid is not substantial enough to physically block the back of the nose, it can obstruct airflow enough so that breathing through the nose requires an uncomfortable amount ...
CT scan can show the full extent of the polyp, which may not be fully appreciated with physical examination alone. Imaging is also required for planning surgical treatment. [7] On a CT scan, a nasal polyp generally has an attenuation of 10–18 Hounsfield units, which is similar to that of mucus. Nasal polyps may have calcification. [14]
Wilhelm Meyer. The Danish physician Wilhelm Meyer (1824–1895) was the first to describe the clinical condition of nasal obstruction (blocked nose) with chronic mouth breathing, snoring, dull facial expression, and hearing impairment due to adenoid hypertrophy.
Some causes of hyponasal speech are adenoid hypertrophy, allergic rhinitis, deviated septum, sinusitis, myasthenia gravis and turbinate hypertrophy. Hypernasal speech
Imaging studies can also help with diagnosis. First-line imaging studies include x-rays and CT scans. They can quickly assess the obstruction's extent. [2] For children, ultrasound or MRI are preferred as they do not involve radiation. [5] Flexible laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy can directly visualize the airway. [2]
Vocal cord nodules are bilaterally symmetrical benign white masses that form at the midpoint of the vocal folds. [1] Although diagnosis involves a physical examination of the head and neck, as well as perceptual voice measures, visualization of the vocal nodules via laryngeal endoscopy remains the primary diagnostic method.