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Loperamide, sold under the brand name Imodium, among others, [1] is a medication of the opioid receptor agonist class used to decrease the frequency of diarrhea. [5] [4] It is often used for this purpose in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, short bowel syndrome, [4] Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. [5]
By binding to μ-opioid receptors, loperamide inhibits acetylcholine release and decreases excitation of neurons in the myenteric plexus, which leads to a decrease in peristalsis. [4] Decreasing intestinal motility prolongs the transit time of food content through the digestive tract, which allows for more fluid absorption; thereby alleviating ...
At high doses there are strong CNS effects and the atropine at such high doses causes typical anticholinergic side effects, such as anxiety, dysphoria, and delirium. Excessive use or overdose causes constipation and can promote development of megacolon as well as classic symptoms of overdose including potentially lethal respiratory depression ...
[2] [3] It is a fixed-dose combination of the medications diphenoxylate, as the hydrochloride, an antidiarrheal; and atropine, as the sulfate, an anticholinergic. [1] It is taken by mouth. [2] Onset is typically within an hour. [4] Side effects may include abdominal pain, angioedema, glaucoma, heart problems, feeling tired, dry mouth, and ...
Psychosis risk increases 81% on high-dose amphetamine For this study, researchers analyzed medical data from adults between the ages of 16 and 35 treated at Mass General Brigham between 2005 and 2019.
For example, most opioids cause sedation when given at a sufficiently high dose, but peripherally selective opioids can act on the rest of the body without entering the brain and are less likely to cause sedation. [1] These peripherally selective opioids can be used as antidiarrheals, for instance loperamide (Imodium). [2]
Five men who used dating app Grindr to target and attack men in a series of robberies have been jailed. Demalji Hadza, 21, Abubaker Alezawy, 21, Ali Hassan, 20, Wasim Omar, 24, and Mohammed Sharif ...
The technology's first commercial application was in August, 1993, when a new dosage form of Pepcidine from Merck & Co. was launched in Sweden. [ 3 ] In November 1993 Imodium Lingual ( loperamide ) from Janssen Pharmaceutica was released in Germany with Zydis technology.