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Weight and Balance When the weight of the aircraft is at or below the allowable limit(s) for its configuration (parked, ground movement, take-off, landing, etc.) and its center of gravity is within the allowable range, and both will remain so for the duration of the flight, the aircraft is said to be within weight and balance. Different maximum ...
The aircraft gross weight (also known as the all-up weight and abbreviated AUW) is the total aircraft weight at any moment during the flight or ground operation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] An aircraft's gross weight will decrease during a flight due to fuel and oil consumption.
In aviation, manufacturer's empty weight (MEW) (also known as manufacturer's weight empty (MWE)) is the weight of the aircraft "as built" and includes the weight of the structure, power plant, furnishings, installations, systems, and other equipment that are considered an integral part of an aircraft before additional operator items are added for operation.
The "Operating empty weight" (OEW) is the sum of the empty weight and the crew plus their baggage. Standard items include all structural modification or configuration orders that may have altered the MEW, including all fluids necessary for operation such as engine oil , engine coolant , water , hydraulic fluid and unusable fuel .
The maximum zero fuel weight (MZFW) is the maximum weight allowed before usable fuel and other specified usable agents (engine injection fluid, and other consumable propulsion agents) are loaded in defined sections of the aircraft as limited by strength and airworthiness requirements.
In aeronautics, the load factor is the ratio of the lift of an aircraft to its weight [1] [2]: § 5.22 and represents a global measure of the stress ("load") to which the structure of the aircraft is subjected: =, where is the load factor, is the lift is the weight.
During World War II, aircraft were initially loaded haphazardly, with ground personnel piling as much cargo into an airplane as possible, which often led to weight and balance problems. To alleviate the situation, air terminal squadrons were set up by the troop carrier wings overseas and, after the establishment of the Air Transport Command, at ...
The Earth frame is a convenient frame to express aircraft translational and rotational kinematics. The Earth frame is also useful in that, under certain assumptions, it can be approximated as inertial. Additionally, one force acting on the aircraft, weight, is fixed in the +z E direction.