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The electronic symbol for a frequency-dependent negative resistor. The symbol is intended to evoke a double capacitor. A frequency-dependent negative resistor (FDNR) is a circuit element that exhibits a purely real negative resistance −1/(ω 2 kC) that decreases in magnitude at a rate of −40 dB per decade.
A donor number is defined as the negative enthalpy value for the 1:1 adduct formation between a Lewis base and the standard Lewis acid SbCl 5 (antimony pentachloride), in dilute solution in the noncoordinating solvent 1,2-dichloroethane with a zero DN. The units are kilocalories per mole for historical reasons. [1]
As can be seen, as the Damköhler number increases, the other term must decrease. The ensuing polynomial can be solved and the conversion for the rule of thumb Damköhler numbers found. Alternatively, one can graph the expressions and see where they intersect with the line given by the inverse Damköhler number to see the solution for conversion.
Since 2 × (−3) = −6, the product (−2) × (−3) must equal 6. These rules lead to another (equivalent) rule—the sign of any product a × b depends on the sign of a as follows: if a is positive, then the sign of a × b is the same as the sign of b, and; if a is negative, then the sign of a × b is the opposite of the sign of b.
However, a binary number system with base −2 is also possible. The rightmost bit represents (−2) 0 = +1, the next bit represents (−2) 1 = −2, the next bit (−2) 2 = +4 and so on, with alternating sign. The numbers that can be represented with four bits are shown in the comparison table below.
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These can be quite elaborate in the case of certain maize varieties, but tend to use a trapezoidal or leaf area index (LAI) curve for common crop or vegetation canopies. Stress coefficients, K s, account for diminished ET due to specific stress factors. These are often assumed to combine by multiplication.
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