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  2. Lodash - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodash

    Lodash is a JavaScript library that helps programmers write more concise and maintainable JavaScript. It can be broken down into several main areas: Utilities: for simplifying common programming tasks such as determining type as well as simplifying math operations.

  3. Map (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_(higher-order_function)

    The map function originated in functional programming languages. The language Lisp introduced a map function called maplist [3] in 1959, with slightly different versions already appearing in 1958. [4] This is the original definition for maplist, mapping a function over successive rest lists:

  4. Positive and negative parts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_negative_parts

    The converse, though, does not necessarily hold: for example, taking f as =, where V is a Vitali set, it is clear that f is not measurable, but its absolute value is, being a constant function. The positive part and negative part of a function are used to define the Lebesgue integral for a real-valued function.

  5. Functional programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming

    The distinction between the two is subtle: "higher-order" describes a mathematical concept of functions that operate on other functions, while "first-class" is a computer science term for programming language entities that have no restriction on their use (thus first-class functions can appear anywhere in the program that other first-class ...

  6. NumPy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NumPy

    NumPy (pronounced / ˈ n ʌ m p aɪ / NUM-py) is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. [3]

  7. Side effect (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Side_effect_(computer_science)

    setx is idempotent because the second application of setx to 3 has the same effect on the system state as the first application: x was already set to 3 after the first application, and it is still set to 3 after the second application. A pure function is idempotent if it is idempotent in the mathematical sense. For instance, consider the ...

  8. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

    Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...

  9. Associative array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array

    However, a single patron may be able to check out multiple books. Therefore, the information about which books are checked out to which patrons may be represented by an associative array, in which the books are the keys and the patrons are the values. Using notation from Python or JSON, the data structure would be: