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Cetshwayo's predecessor King Shaka devised the ibutho system as the centre pillar of the Zulu state. [1] Young men were required to serve as soldiers until they were about 30 years old, after which they were allowed to marry. A conversation between King Cetshwayo and the Norwegian missionary, Rev JL Kyllingstad in 1876 was recorded as follows: [2]
Sishishili kaMnqandi, a royal favourite and an induna [isiZulu: "officer"] of the uKhandempemvu ibutho who the King had asked to report on the battle, placed the blame for the lack of the Zulu army's preparation and the resulting high death toll squarely at the door of Ntshingwayo. As a result, Ntshingwayo forfeited much of the public acclaim ...
As part of the peace terms the British imposed the division of Zululand into 13 chiefdoms, the abolition of the iButho system and the exile of Cetshwayo. The two chiefdoms on the Natal border were granted to Hlubi, a Basuto chief who had fought on the British side, in the west and John Robert Dunn , a British settler who had held territory in ...
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After their 20th birthdays, young men would be sorted into formal ibutho (plural amabutho) or regiments. They would build their i=handa (often referred to as a 'homestead', as it was basically a stockade group of huts surrounding a corral for cattle), their gathering place when summoned for active service. Active service continued until a man ...
Health&Place] (]]]])]]]–]]] Environmentalmercuryrelease,specialeducationrates,and autismdisorder:anecologicalstudyofTexas RaymondF.Palmera,,StevenBlanchardb ...
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