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Mass transfer is the net movement of mass from one location (usually meaning stream, phase, fraction, or component) to another. Mass transfer occurs in many processes, such as absorption, evaporation, drying, precipitation, membrane filtration, and distillation. Mass transfer is used by different scientific disciplines for different processes ...
Using mass and enthalpy balances in addition to vapor-liquid equilibrium data and enthalpy-concentration data, operating lines can be constructed using the Ponchon–Savarit method. [ 5 ] If the mixture can form an azeotrope , its vapor-liquid equilibrium line will cross the x = y line, preventing further separation no matter the number of ...
Mass transfer in a system is governed by Fick's first law: 'Diffusion flux from higher concentration to lower concentration is proportional to the gradient of the concentration of the substance and the diffusivity of the substance in the medium.' Mass transfer can take place due to different driving forces. Some of them are: [12]
The Sherwood number (Sh) (also called the mass transfer Nusselt number) is a dimensionless number used in mass-transfer operation. It represents the ratio of the total mass transfer rate ( convection + diffusion) to the rate of diffusive mass transport, [ 1 ] and is named in honor of Thomas Kilgore Sherwood .
Mass transfer coefficients can be estimated from many different theoretical equations, correlations, and analogies that are functions of material properties, intensive properties and flow regime (laminar or turbulent flow). Selection of the most applicable model is dependent on the materials and the system, or environment, being studied.
is the Fourier number for mass transport; is the mass diffusivity (m 2 /s) is the time (s) is the length scale of interest (m) The mass-transfer Fourier number can be applied to the study of certain time-dependent mass diffusion problems.
Tammet, Hannes; Kulmala, Markku (June 2007), Simulating aerosol nucleation bursts in a coniferous forest (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2007; Ramachandran Venkatesan; Scott Fogler (2004). "Comments on Analogies for Correlated Heat and Mass Transfer in Turbulent Flow" (PDF). AIChE Journal. 50 (7): 1623– 1626.
Mass transfer – Net movement of mass from one location, phase, etc. to another; Mass flux – Vector quantity describing mass flow rate through a given area; Osmosis – Migration of molecules to a region of lower solute concentration; Permeation – Penetration of a liquid, gas, or vapor through a solid