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ASTM A500 is a standard specification published by the ASTM for cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing in round, square, and rectangular shapes. It is commonly specified in the US for hollow structural sections, but the more stringent CSA G40.21 is preferred in Canada.
HSS is only composed of structural steel per code. HSS is sometimes mistakenly referenced as hollow structural steel. Rectangular and square HSS are also commonly called tube steel or box section. Circular HSS are sometimes mistakenly called steel pipe, although true steel pipe is actually dimensioned and classed differently from HSS. (HSS ...
It is also known as the stiffness to weight ratio or specific stiffness. High specific modulus materials find wide application in aerospace applications where minimum structural weight is required. The dimensional analysis yields units of distance squared per time squared.
A box girder or tubular girder (or box beam) is a girder that forms an enclosed tube with multiple walls, as opposed to an Ɪ-or H-beam. Originally constructed of wrought iron joined by riveting , they are now made of rolled or welded steel, aluminium extrusions or prestressed concrete .
A36 steel has a Poisson's ratio of 0.26 and a shear modulus of 11,500 ksi (79.3 GPa). [ 7 ] A36 steel in plates, bars, and shapes with a thickness of less than 8 inches (203 millimeters) has a minimum yield strength of 36 ksi (250 MPa ) and ultimate tensile strength of 58–80 ksi (400–550 MPa).
Dimensional weight is a calculation of a theoretical weight of a package. This theoretical weight is the weight of the package at a minimum density chosen by the freight carrier. If the package is below this minimum density, then the actual weight is irrelevant as the freight carrier will charge for the volume of the package as if it were of ...
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Aluminum pipe or tubing may be utilized where iron is incompatible with the service fluid or where weight is a concern; aluminum is also used for heat transfer tubing such as in refrigerant systems. Copper tubing is popular for domestic water (potable) plumbing systems; copper may be used where heat transfer is desirable (i.e. radiators or heat ...