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  2. Reference ranges for blood tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ranges_for_blood...

    Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...

  3. Blood compatibility testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_compatibility_testing

    Blood compatibility testing is routinely performed before a blood transfusion.The full compatibility testing process involves ABO and RhD (Rh factor) typing; screening for antibodies against other blood group systems; and crossmatching, which involves testing the recipient's blood plasma against the donor's red blood cells as a final check for incompatibility.

  4. Isotype (immunology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotype_(immunology)

    μ – IgM; There are also two light chain isotypes κ and λ; however, there is no significant difference in function between the two. Thus an antibody isotype is determined by the constant regions of the heavy chains only. [1] IgM is first expressed as a monomer on the surface of immature B cells.

  5. Common variable immunodeficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_variable...

    Generally, people can be grouped as follows: no immunoglobulin production, immunoglobulin (Ig) M production only, or both normal IgM and IgG production. [23] Additionally, B cell numbers are also highly variable. 12% of people have no detectable B cells, 12% have reduced B cells, and 54% are within the normal range. [22]

  6. Regular and irregular antibodies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_and_irregular...

    Regular and irregular antibodies are two main groups of antibodies when classified roughly on the timing and triggering event of antibody production. Regular antibodies usually refer to the isohemagglutinins, directed against antigens of the ABO system. They appear in the first years of life. They are of the IgM type. [1]

  7. IgG deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IgG_deficiency

    IgG1 is present in the bloodstream at a percentage of about 60-70%, IgG2-20-30%, IgG3 about 5-8 %, and IgG4 1-3 %. IgG subclass deficiencies affect only IgG subclasses (usually IgG2 or IgG3), with normal total IgG and IgM immunoglobulins and other components of the immune system being at normal levels.

  8. Covid-19 antibody levels jump among elderly after ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/covid-19-antibody-levels-jump...

    Covid-19 antibody levels among older age groups have jumped in recent months and are now well above levels for under-50s, new figures suggest. ... Some 96.3% of people aged 80 and over in England ...

  9. Seroconversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seroconversion

    After seroconversion, the antibody is detectable by standard techniques and remains detectable unless the individual seroreverts, in a phenomenon called seroreversion, or loss of antibody detectability, which can occur due to weakening of the immune system or decreasing antibody concentrations over time. Seroconversion refers the production of ...