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The specified times apply to black/white film. Note that the times are approximate, and vary between different films and ASA numbers, but the table shows in general how the exposure time is adjusted. In photography , reciprocity is the inverse relationship between the intensity and duration of light that determines the reaction of light ...
The ISO arithmetic speed has a useful property for photographers without the equipment for taking a metered light reading. Correct exposure will usually be achieved for a frontlighted scene in bright sun if the aperture of the lens is set to f/16 and the shutter speed is the reciprocal of the ISO film speed (e.g. 1/100 second for 100 ISO film).
An approximately correct exposure will be obtained on a sunny day using ISO 100 film, an aperture of f /16 and a shutter speed of 1/100 of a second. This is called the sunny 16 rule: at an aperture of f /16 on a sunny day, a suitable shutter speed will be one over the film speed (or closest equivalent).
Popular exposure chart type, showing exposure values EV (red lines) as combinations of aperture and shutter speed values. The green lines are sample program lines, by which a digital camera automatically selects both the shutter speed and the aperture for given exposure value (brightness of light), when set to Program mode (P). (Canon, n.d.)
A or Av: Aperture priority or Aperture value enables manual control of the aperture, and shutter speed is calculated by the camera for proper exposure (given an ISO sensitivity). S or Tv: Shutter priority or Time value enables manual control of the shutter speed, and aperture is calculated by the camera for proper exposure (given an ISO ...
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Sensitivity priority automatic exposure mode, where the photographer sets the ISO sensitivity and the AE firmware sets the aperture or shutter speed. TC Teleconverter. A lens accessory that fits between the lens and camera body and extends the focal length of the lens, often by 1.4x or 2x, at the cost of reduced light, decreased image quality ...
An example of the use of f-numbers in photography is the sunny 16 rule: an approximately correct exposure will be obtained on a sunny day by using an aperture of f /16 and the shutter speed closest to the reciprocal of the ISO speed of the film; for example, using ISO 200 film, an aperture of f /16 and a shutter speed of 1 ⁄ 200 second. The f ...