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For example, the viscosity of Venezuela's Orinoco extra-heavy crude oil lies in the range 1000–5000 cP (1–5 Pa·s), while Canadian extra-heavy crude has a viscosity in the range 5000–10,000 cP (5–10 Pa·s), about the same as molasses, and higher (up to 100,000 cP or 100 Pa·s for the most viscous commercially exploitable deposits). [2]
The Orinoco Belt consists of large deposits of extra heavy crude.Venezuela's heavy oil deposits of about 1,200 billion barrels (1.9 × 10 11 m 3), found primarily in the Orinoco Petroleum Belt, are estimated to approximately equal the world's reserves of lighter oil. [1]
Crude oil is considered "heavy" if it has long hydrocarbon chains, or "light" if it has short hydrocarbon chains: an API gravity of 34 or higher is "light", between 31 and 33 is "medium", and 30 or below is "heavy". Crude is considered "sweet" if it is low in sulphur content (< 0.5%/weight), or "sour" if high (> 1.0%/weight). Generally, the ...
Crude oil is classified as light, medium, or heavy according to its measured API gravity. Light crude oil has an API gravity higher than 31.1° (i.e., less than 870 kg/m 3) Medium oil has an API gravity between 22.3 and 31.1° (i.e., 870 to 920 kg/m 3) Heavy crude oil has an API gravity below 22.3° (i.e., 920 to 1000 kg/m 3)
The extra-heavy crude oil or crude bitumen extracted from oil sands is a very viscous semisolid form of oil that does not easily flow at normal temperatures, making it difficult to transport to market by pipeline.
The Yanbu Aramco Sinopec Refining Company, which has been in operation since 2016, uses 400,000 barrels per day of Arabian heavy crude oil to produce premium transportation fuels, according to the ...
An upgrader is a facility that upgrades bitumen (extra heavy oil) into synthetic crude oil. Upgrader plants are typically located close to oil sands production, for example, the Athabasca oil sands in Alberta, Canada or the Orinoco tar sands in Venezuela.
Earlier this week, gas prices hit a seven-year high, reaching $84.60 a barrel. But a larger-than-expected crude oil inventory build for the week could halt the crude oil rally, according to...