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  2. Backpropagation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backpropagation

    In machine learning, backpropagation is a gradient estimation method commonly used for training a neural network to compute its parameter updates.. It is an efficient application of the chain rule to neural networks.

  3. Backpropagation through time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backpropagation_through_time

    Back_Propagation_Through_Time(a, y) // a[t] is the input at time t. y[t] is the output Unfold the network to contain k instances of f do until stopping criterion is met: x := the zero-magnitude vector // x is the current context for t from 0 to n − k do // t is time. n is the length of the training sequence Set the network inputs to x, a[t ...

  4. Delta rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_rule

    Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Help; Learn to edit; Community portal; Recent changes; Upload file

  5. Deep backward stochastic differential equation method

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_backward_stochastic...

    Deep Learning is a machine learning method based on multilayer neural networks. Its core concept can be traced back to the neural computing models of the 1940s. In the 1980s, the proposal of the backpropagation algorithm made the training of multilayer neural networks possible.

  6. Mathematics of artificial neural networks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_of_artificial...

    Networks such as the previous one are commonly called feedforward, because their graph is a directed acyclic graph. Networks with cycles are commonly called recurrent. Such networks are commonly depicted in the manner shown at the top of the figure, where is shown as dependent upon itself. However, an implied temporal dependence is not shown.

  7. Rprop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rprop

    Rprop, short for resilient backpropagation, is a learning heuristic for supervised learning in feedforward artificial neural networks. This is a first-order optimization algorithm. This algorithm was created by Martin Riedmiller and Heinrich Braun in 1992. [1]

  8. Vanishing gradient problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanishing_gradient_problem

    In machine learning, the vanishing gradient problem is encountered when training neural networks with gradient-based learning methods and backpropagation. In such methods, during each training iteration, each neural network weight receives an update proportional to the partial derivative of the loss function with respect to the current weight. [1]

  9. Backpropagation through structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backpropagation_through...

    Backpropagation through structure (BPTS) is a gradient-based technique for training recursive neural networks, proposed in a 1996 paper written by Christoph Goller and Andreas Küchler. [ 1 ] References