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Pollinator decline is the reduction in abundance of insect and other animal pollinators in many ecosystems worldwide that began being recorded at the end of the 20th century. Multiple lines of evidence exist for the reduction of wild pollinator populations at the regional level, especially within Europe and North America.
[10] Floral color change can also be a result of an increase or decrease in pH. Hydrangea is a model genus for this particular chemical change in flowers. Floral pigments in Hydrangea are affected by the presence of aluminum ions in the soil, causing changes in flower color from red, pink, blue, light purple or dark purple. [4]
It was adapted by flowers to orient pollinators leading to an example of co-evolution. [8] UV light allows them to broadcast a guide to where their pollen is located. [4] Due to unique life characteristics and morphology of flowers, pollinators are more effective at taking the pollen and spreading it to other flowers of the same species. [3]
Anecdotal evidence for insect decline has been offered by those who recall apparently greater insect abundance in the 20th century. Entomologist Simon Leather recalls that, in the 1970s, windows of Yorkshire houses he visited on his early-morning paper round would be "plastered with tiger moths" attracted by the house's lighting during the night.
With the decline of both wild and domestic pollinator populations, pollination management is becoming an increasingly important part of horticulture.Factors that cause the loss of pollinators include pesticide misuse, unprofitability of beekeeping for honey, rapid transfer of pests and diseases to new areas of the globe, urban/suburban development, changing crop patterns, clearcut logging ...
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Christina Grozinger is an American entomologist, the Publius Vergilius Maro Professor of Entomology at Pennsylvania State University [1] and the director at its Center for Pollinator Research. [ 2 ] Her main areas of expertise as a social insect biologist are the molecular, physiological, and ecological determinants that affect the health of ...