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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of five or fewer carbons (e.g. butyric acid). [7] Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of 6 to 12 [8] carbons, which can form medium-chain triglycerides. Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of 13 to 21 carbons. [9]
Common Name Systematic Name Structural Formula Lipid Numbers Propionic acid: Propanoic acid CH 3 CH 2 COOH : C3:0 Butyric acid: Butanoic acid CH 3 (CH 2) 2 COOH : C4:0 Valeric acid
Lists of fatty acids include: List of saturated fatty acids; List of unsaturated fatty acids. List of omega-3 fatty acids, a class of unsaturated fatty acids; See also
A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all single bonds between the carbon atoms. A fat known as a glyceride is made of two kinds of smaller molecules: a short glycerol backbone and fatty acids that each contain a long linear or branched chain of carbon (C) atoms.
A very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) is a fatty acid with 22 or more carbons. Their biosynthesis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum . [ 1 ] VLCFA's can represent up to a few percent of the total fatty acid content of a cell.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has 20 carbons, is found in fish oil, is a pentaunsaturated fatty acid. It is one of the essential fatty acids. The recommendation of ingesting fish oil supplements during pregnancy is said to help increase the cognitive ability at 6 months, but mercury concentration in fish products offsets the effect.
The three fatty acids substituents can be the same, but they are usually different. Many triglycerides are known because many fatty acids are known. The chain lengths of the fatty acid groups vary in naturally occurring triglycerides, Those containing 16, 18, or 20 carbon atoms are defined as long-chain triglycerides, while medium-chain ...
Sphingolipids are a complicated family of compounds [39] that share a common structural feature, a sphingoid base backbone that is synthesized de novo from the amino acid serine and a long-chain fatty acyl CoA, then converted into ceramides, phosphosphingolipids, glycosphingolipids and other compounds.