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The base of the tree is measured for both height and girth as being the elevation at which the pith of the tree intersects the ground surface beneath, or "where the acorn sprouted." [2] [3] On a slope this is considered as halfway between the ground level at the upper and lower sides of the tree. Tree height can be measured in a number of ways ...
Several features are used to distinguish the subgenera, sections, and subsections of pines: the number of leaves (needles) per fascicle, whether the fascicle sheaths are deciduous or persistent, the number of fibrovascular bundles per needle (2 in Pinus or 1 in Strobus), the position of the resin ducts in the needles (internal or external), the ...
The base of each leaf is twisted a variable amount so that the leaves are nearly coplanar. Cones The green-to-reddish cones are 6–12 cm ( 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 – 4 + 3 ⁄ 4 in) long [ 4 ] and 3.5–4.5 cm ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 1 + 3 ⁄ 4 in) broad, with about 100–150 scales; the scale bracts are short, and hidden in the closed cone.
The leaves are in fascicles of three, [6] needle-like, yellow-green, twisted, and 9–15 centimeters (3 + 1 ⁄ 2 –6 in) long. The cones are resin-sealed and irregularly shaped, [4] 8–16 cm (3 + 1 ⁄ 4 – 6 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) long and clustered in whorls of three to six on the branches. The scales end in a short stout prickle.
Western white pine is a large tree, regularly growing to 30–50 metres (98–164 ft) tall. It is a member of the white pine group, Pinus subgenus Strobus, and like all members of that group, the leaves ('needles') are in fascicles (bundles) of five, [5] with a deciduous sheath.
The bark on young trees is smooth, grey, and with resin blisters (which tend to spray when ruptured), becoming rough and fissured or scaly on old trees. The leaves are flat and needle-like, 15 to 30 mm ( 5 ⁄ 8 to 1 + 1 ⁄ 8 in) long, dark green above often with a small patch of stomata near the tip, and two white stomatal bands below, and a ...
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Common sense should prevail when adding h1 and h2. If the base of the tree is below eye level the distance it extends below eye level is added to the height of the tree above eye level to calculate the total height of the tree. If the base of the tree is above level then this height is subtracted from the height to the top of the tree.