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Discrete emotion theory is the claim that there is a small number of core emotions. For example, Silvan Tomkins (1962, 1963) concluded that there are nine basic affects which correspond with what we come to know as emotions: interest , enjoyment , surprise , distress , fear , anger , shame , dissmell (reaction to bad smell) and disgust .
A common way in which emotions are conceptualized in sociology is in terms of the multidimensional characteristics including cultural or emotional labels (for example, anger, pride, fear, happiness), physiological changes (for example, increased perspiration, changes in pulse rate), expressive facial and body movements (for example, smiling ...
The theory of constructed emotion (formerly the conceptual act model of emotion [1]) is a theory in affective science proposed by Lisa Feldman Barrett to explain the experience and perception of emotion. [2] [3] The theory posits that instances of emotion are constructed predictively by the brain in the moment as needed.
Emotion classification, the means by which one may distinguish or contrast one emotion from another, is a contested issue in emotion research and in affective science. Researchers have approached the classification of emotions from one of two fundamental viewpoints: [citation needed] that emotions are discrete and fundamentally different constructs
The theory offers an explanation for the evolution of common facial expressions of emotion in mammals. Little experimental work has been done to extend the theory, however. Carroll Izard discussed gains and losses associated with the evolution of emotions.
The two-factor theory of emotion posits when an emotion is felt, a physiological arousal occurs and the person uses the immediate environment to search for emotional cues to label the physiological arousal. The theory was put forth by researchers Stanley Schachter and Jerome E. Singer in a 1962 article.
Plutchik's psychoevolutionary theory of basic emotions has ten postulates. The concept of emotion is applicable to all evolutionary levels and applies to all animals including humans. Emotions have an evolutionary history and have evolved various forms of expression in different species.
The Differential Emotions Theory evaluates the intensity of primary emotions to gain understanding between basic emotions and associated constructs of facial expression. [6] The theory defines emotion(s) as an intricate process within neuromuscular, phenomenological, and neurophysiological areas.