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Pope Nicholas V. Dum Diversas (English: While different) is a papal bull issued on 18 June 1452 by Pope Nicholas V.It authorized King Afonso V of Portugal to fight, subjugate, and conquer "those rising against the Catholic faith and struggling to extinguish Christian Religion"—namely, the "Saracens and pagans" in a militarily disputed African territory.
In nomine Domini (Latin for In the name of the Lord) is a papal bull written by Pope Nicholas II.The bull was issued on 13 April 1059 [note 1] and caused major reforms in the system of papal election, most notably establishing the cardinal-bishops as the sole electors of the pope, with the consent of minor clergy.
Romanus Pontifex (from Latin: "The Roman Pontiff") is the title of at least three papal bulls: . One issued in 1436 by Pope Eugenius IV; [1]; A second issued on September 21, 1451, by Pope Nicholas V, relieving the dukes of Austria from any potential ecclesiastical censure for permitting Jews to dwell there; [2]
Bull Issuer Description 1059 In nomine Domini ("In the name of the Lord") Nicholas II: Establishing cardinal-bishops as the sole electors of the pope. [2] 1079 Libertas ecclesiae ("The liberty of the Church") Gregory VII: About Church's independence from imperial authority and interference. 1079 Antiqua sanctorum patrum
In late spring of 1452 Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI wrote to Pope Nicholas for help against the impending siege by Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II. Nicholas issued the bull Dum Diversas (18 June 1452) authorizing King Afonso V of Portugal to "attack, conquer, and subjugate Saracens , pagans and other enemies of Christ wherever they may be found".
Etsi ecclesia Christi is a papal bull issued by Pope Nicholas V on 30 September 1453 in response to the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire. [ 1 ] Nicholas declared that the capture of Constantinople by the Ottomans was the latest in a long line of attacks on Christendom from Islam, whose followers had already conquered the East, Egypt ...
In 1452, Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull Dum Diversas, which granted Afonso V the right to reduce "Saracens, pagans and any other unbelievers" to hereditary slavery. This was reaffirmed and extended in the Romanus Pontifex bull of 1455 (also by Nicholas V). These papal bulls came to be seen by some as a justification for the subsequent ...
The papal bull "In nomine Domini" written by Pope Nicholas II in 1059, reformed the papal election process and only permitted cardinal-bishops to elect a new Pope, with the consent of minor clergy. In April 1073 there were four, the available data indicate that only two were present in Rome at the time of Alexander II's death: